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diff --git a/src/models.py b/src/models.py
index 00135bd..456374b 100644
--- a/src/models.py
+++ b/src/models.py
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ class CommonParams(DefaultBase):
     query_str: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="q")
     search: Optional[str] = Field(None, description="Search keyword")
     filter_spec: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="filter")
-    sort_by: List[str] = Field(default_factory=list, alias="sortBy[]")
-    descending: List[bool] = Field(default_factory=list, alias="descending[]")
-    exclude: List[str] = Field(default_factory=list, alias="exclude[]")
+    sort_by: List[str] = Field(default=[], alias="sortBy[]")
+    descending: List[bool] = Field(default=[], alias="descending[]")
+    exclude: List[str] = Field(default=[], alias="exclude[]")
     all_params: int = Field(0, alias="all")
 
     @model_validator(mode="before")