feat: Update security middleware patterns for XSS, SQLi, RCE, and path traversal, add logging for detected threats, and refine HTTP exception logging levels.

src/exceptions.py

@@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ def handle_sqlalchemy_error(error: SQLAlchemyError):
 
     if isinstance(error, IntegrityError):
         if "unique constraint" in str(error).lower():
-            return "This record already exists.", 409
+            return "This record already exists.", 422
         elif "foreign key constraint" in str(error).lower():
-            return "Related record not found.", 400
+            return "Related record not found.", 422
         else:
-            return "Data integrity error.", 400
+            return "Data integrity error.", 422
     elif isinstance(error, DataError) or isinstance(original_error, AsyncPGDataError):
-        return "Invalid data provided.", 400
+        return "Invalid data provided.", 422
     elif isinstance(error, DBAPIError):
         if "unique constraint" in str(error).lower():
-            return "This record already exists.", 409
+            return "This record already exists.", 422
         elif "foreign key constraint" in str(error).lower():
-            return "Related record not found.", 400
+            return "Related record not found.", 422
         elif "null value in column" in str(error).lower():
-            return "Required data missing.", 400
+            return "Required data missing.", 422
         elif "invalid input for query argument" in str(error).lower():
-            return "Invalid data provided.", 400
+            return "Invalid data provided.", 422
         else:
             return "Database error.", 500
     else:
@@ -151,22 +151,38 @@ def handle_exception(request: Request, exc: Exception):
         )
 
     if isinstance(exc, (HTTPException, StarletteHTTPException)):
+        # Log as warning for 4xx, error for 5xx
+        status_code = exc.status_code if hasattr(exc, "status_code") else 500
+        detail = exc.detail if hasattr(exc, "detail") else str(exc)
+        
+        if 400 <= status_code < 500:
+            log.warning(
+                f"HTTP {status_code} occurred | Error ID: {error_id} | Detail: {detail}",
+                extra={
+                    "error_id": error_id,
+                    "error_category": "http",
+                    "status_code": status_code,
+                    "detail": detail,
+                    "request": request_info,
+                },
+            )
+        else:
             log.error(
-            f"HTTP exception occurred | Error ID: {error_id}",
+                f"HTTP {status_code} occurred | Error ID: {error_id} | Detail: {detail}",
                 extra={
                     "error_id": error_id,
                     "error_category": "http",
-                "status_code": exc.status_code,
+                    "status_code": status_code,
-                "detail": exc.detail if hasattr(exc, "detail") else str(exc),
+                    "detail": detail,
                     "request": request_info,
                 },
             )
 
         return JSONResponse(
-            status_code=exc.status_code,
+            status_code=status_code,
             content={
                 "data": None,
-                "message": str(exc.detail) if hasattr(exc, "detail") else str(exc),
+                "message": str(detail),
                 "status": ResponseStatus.ERROR,
                 "error_id": error_id
             },
@@ -174,6 +190,19 @@ def handle_exception(request: Request, exc: Exception):
 
     if isinstance(exc, SQLAlchemyError):
         error_message, status_code = handle_sqlalchemy_error(exc)
+        # Log integrity errors as warning, others as error
+        if 400 <= status_code < 500:
+            log.warning(
+                f"Database integrity/validation error occurred | Error ID: {error_id}",
+                extra={
+                    "error_id": error_id,
+                    "error_category": "database",
+                    "error_message": error_message,
+                    "request": request_info,
+                    "exception": str(exc),
+                },
+            )
+        else:
             log.error(
                 f"Database error occurred | Error ID: {error_id}",
                 extra={

src/middleware.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import re
+import logging
 from collections import Counter
 from fastapi import Request, HTTPException
 from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
@@ -14,95 +15,189 @@ ALLOWED_MULTI_PARAMS = {
     "exclude[]",
 }
 
+ALLOWED_DATA_PARAMS = {
+    "AerosData", "AhmJobId", "CustomInput", "DurationUnit", "IsDefault", "Konkin_offset",
+    "MaintenanceOutages", "MasterData", "OffSet", "OverhaulDuration", "OverhaulInterval",
+    "PlannedOutages", "SchematicName", "SecretStr", "SimDuration", "SimNumRun", "SimSeed",
+    "SimulationName", "actual_shutdown", "aeros_node", "all_params", "aro_file",
+    "aro_file_path", "availability", "baseline_simulation_id", "calc_results",
+    "cm_dis_p1", "cm_dis_p2", "cm_dis_p3", "cm_dis_type", "cm_dis_unit_code",
+    "cm_waiting_time", "contribution", "contribution_factor", "created_at",
+    "criticality", "current_user", "custom_parameters", "data", "datetime",
+    "derating_hours", "descending", "design_flowrate", "duration", "duration_above_h",
+    "duration_above_hh", "duration_at_empty", "duration_at_full", "duration_below_l",
+    "duration_below_ll", "eaf", "eaf_konkin", "effective_loss", "efficiency", "efor",
+    "equipment", "equipment_name", "exclude", "failure_rates", "filter_spec", "finish",
+    "flowrate_unit", "id", "ideal_production", "ip_dis_p1", "ip_dis_p2", "ip_dis_p3",
+    "ip_dis_type", "ip_dis_unit_code", "items", "itemsPerPage", "items_per_page",
+    "level", "location_tag", "master_equipment", "max_flow_rate", "max_flowrate",
+    "message", "model_image", "mttr", "name", "node_id", "node_name", "node_type",
+    "num_cm", "num_events", "num_ip", "num_oh", "num_pm", "offset", "oh_dis_p1",
+    "oh_dis_p2", "oh_dis_p3", "oh_dis_type", "oh_dis_unit_code", "page",
+    "plan_duration", "planned_outage", "plot_results", "pm_dis_p1", "pm_dis_p2",
+    "pm_dis_p3", "pm_dis_type", "pm_dis_unit_code", "point_availabilities",
+    "point_flowrates", "production", "production_std", "project_name", "query_str",
+    "rel_dis_p1", "rel_dis_p2", "rel_dis_p3", "rel_dis_type", "rel_dis_unit_code",
+    "remark", "schematic_id", "schematic_name", "simulation_id", "simulation_name",
+    "sof", "sort_by", "sortBy[]", "descending[]", "exclude[]", "start", "started_at",
+    "status", "stg_input", "storage_capacity", "structure_name", "t_wait_for_crew",
+    "t_wait_for_spare", "target_simulation_id", "timestamp_outs", "total",
+    "totalPages", "total_cm_downtime", "total_downtime", "total_ip_downtime",
+    "total_oh_downtime", "total_pm_downtime", "total_uptime", "updated_at", "year",
+    "_", "t", "timestamp", "q", "filter", "currentUser"
+}
+
+ALLOWED_HEADERS = {
+    "host",
+    "user-agent",
+    "accept",
+    "accept-language",
+    "accept-encoding",
+    "connection",
+    "upgrade-insecure-requests",
+    "if-modified-since",
+    "if-none-match",
+    "cache-control",
+    "authorization",
+    "content-type",
+    "content-length",
+    "origin",
+    "referer",
+    "sec-fetch-dest",
+    "sec-fetch-mode",
+    "sec-fetch-site",
+    "sec-fetch-user",
+    "sec-ch-ua",
+    "sec-ch-ua-mobile",
+    "sec-ch-ua-platform",
+    "pragma",
+    "dnt",
+    "priority",
+    "x-forwarded-for",
+    "x-forwarded-proto",
+    "x-forwarded-host",
+    "x-forwarded-port",
+    "x-real-ip",
+    "x-request-id",
+    "x-correlation-id",
+    "x-requested-with",
+    "x-csrf-token",
+    "x-xsrf-token",
+    "postman-token",
+    "x-forwarded-path",
+    "x-forwarded-prefix",
+    "cookie",
+}
+
 MAX_QUERY_PARAMS = 50
 MAX_QUERY_LENGTH = 2000
-MAX_JSON_BODY_SIZE = 1024 * 100  # 100 KB
+MAX_JSON_BODY_SIZE = 1024 * 500  # 500 KB
 
 XSS_PATTERN = re.compile(
-    r"(<script|<iframe|<embed|<object|<svg|<img|<video|<audio|<base|<link|<meta|<form|<button|"
+    r"("
-    r"javascript:|vbscript:|data:text/html|onerror\s*=|onload\s*=|onmouseover\s*=|onfocus\s*=|"
+    r"<(script|iframe|embed|object|svg|img|video|audio|base|link|meta|form|button|details|animate)\b|"
-    r"onclick\s*=|onscroll\s*=|ondblclick\s*=|onkeydown\s*=|onkeypress\s*=|onkeyup\s*=|"
+    r"javascript\s*:|vbscript\s*:|data\s*:[^,]*base64[^,]*|data\s*:text/html|"
-    r"onloadstart\s*=|onpageshow\s*=|onresize\s*=|onunload\s*=|style\s*=\s*['\"].expression\s\(|"
+    r"\bon[a-z]+\s*=|" # Catch-all for any 'on' event (onerror, onclick, etc.)
-    r"eval\s*\(|setTimeout\s*\(|setInterval\s*\(|Function\s*\()",
+    r"style\s*=.*expression\s*\(|" # Old IE specific
+    r"\b(eval|setTimeout|setInterval|Function)\s*\("
+    r")",
     re.IGNORECASE,
 )
 
 SQLI_PATTERN = re.compile(
-    r"(\bUNION\b|\bSELECT\b|\bINSERT\b|\bUPDATE\b|\bDELETE\b|\bDROP\b|\bALTER\b|\bCREATE\b|\bTRUNCATE\b|"
+    r"("
-    r"\bEXEC\b|\bEXECUTE\b|\bDECLARE\b|\bWAITFOR\b|\bDELAY\b|\bGROUP\b\s+\bBY\b|\bHAVING\b|\bORDER\b\s+\bBY\b|"
+    # 1. Keywords followed by whitespace and common SQL characters
-    r"\bINFORMATION_SCHEMA\b|\bSYS\b\.|\bSYSOBJECTS\b|\bPG_SLEEP\b|\bSLEEP\b\(|--|/\|\/|#|\bOR\b\s+['\"]?\d+['\"]?\s*=\s*['\"]?\d+|"
+    r"\b(UNION|SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|DROP|ALTER|CREATE|TRUNCATE|EXEC(UTE)?|DECLARE)\b\s+[\w\*\(\']|"
-    r"\bAND\b\s+['\"]?\d+['\"]?\s*=\s*['\"]?\d+|"
+    
-    r"\bXP_CMDSHELL\b|\bLOAD_FILE\b|\bINTO\s+OUTFILE\b)",
+    # 2. Time-based attacks (more specific than just 'SLEEP')
-    re.IGNORECASE,
+    r"\b(WAITFOR\b\s+DELAY|PG_SLEEP|SLEEP\s*\()|"
+    
+    # 3. System tables/functions
+    r"\b(INFORMATION_SCHEMA|SYS\.|SYSOBJECTS|XP_CMDSHELL|LOAD_FILE|INTO\s+OUTFILE)\b|"
+    
+    # 4. Logical Tautologies (OR 1=1) - Optimized for boundaries
+    r"\b(OR|AND)\b\s+['\"]?\d+['\"]?\s*=\s*['\"]?\d+|"
+    
+    # 5. Comments
+    r"(?<!\S)--|(?<!\*)/\*|(?<!\*)\*/(?!\*)|(?<!\S)#|"
+    
+    # 6. Hex / Stacked Queries
+    r";\s*\b(SELECT|DROP|DELETE|UPDATE|INSERT)\b"
+    r")",
+    re.IGNORECASE
 )
 
 RCE_PATTERN = re.compile(
-    r"(\$\(|`.*`|[;&|]\s*(cat|ls|id|whoami|pwd|ifconfig|ip|netstat|nc|netcat|nmap|curl|wget|python|php|perl|ruby|bash|sh|cmd|powershell|pwsh|sc\s+|tasklist|taskkill|base64|sudo|crontab|ssh|ftp|tftp)|"
+    r"("
-    r"\b(cat|ls|id|whoami|pwd|ifconfig|ip|netstat|nc|netcat|nmap|curl|wget|python|php|perl|ruby|bash|sh|cmd|powershell|pwsh|base64|sudo|crontab)\b|"
+    r"\$\(.*\)|`.*`|"  # Command substitution $(...) or `...`
-    r"/etc/passwd|/etc/shadow|/etc/group|/etc/issue|/proc/self/|/windows/system32/|C:\\Windows\\)",
+    r"[;&|]\s*(cat|ls|id|whoami|pwd|ifconfig|ip|netstat|nc|netcat|nmap|curl|wget|python|php|perl|ruby|bash|sh|cmd|powershell|pwsh|sc\s+|tasklist|taskkill|base64|sudo|crontab|ssh|ftp|tftp)|"
+    # Only flag naked commands if they are clearly standalone or system paths
+    r"\b(/etc/passwd|/etc/shadow|/etc/group|/etc/issue|/proc/self/|/windows/system32/|C:\\Windows\\)\b"
+    r")",
     re.IGNORECASE,
 )
 
 TRAVERSAL_PATTERN = re.compile(
-    r"(\.\./|\.\.\\|%2e%2e%2f|%2e%2e/|\.\.%2f|%2e%2e%5c)",
+    r"(\.\.[/\\]|%2e%2e%2f|%2e%2e/|\.\.%2f|%2e%2e%5c|%252e%252e%252f|\\00)",
     re.IGNORECASE,
 )
 
-# JSON prototype pollution keys
 FORBIDDEN_JSON_KEYS = {"__proto__", "constructor", "prototype"}
 
-# =========================
+DYNAMIC_KEYS = {
-# Helpers
+    "data", "calc_results", "plot_results", "point_availabilities", "point_flowrates",
-# =========================
+    "failure_rates", "custom_parameters", "parameters", "results", "all_params"
+}
+
+log = logging.getLogger("security_logger")
+
 
 def has_control_chars(value: str) -> bool:
     return any(ord(c) < 32 and c not in ("\n", "\r", "\t") for c in value)
 
 
 def inspect_value(value: str, source: str):
+    if not isinstance(value, str) or value == "*/*":
+        return
+
     if XSS_PATTERN.search(value):
-        raise HTTPException(
+        log.warning(f"Security violation: Potential XSS payload detected in {source}")
-            status_code=400,
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Potential XSS payload detected in {source}")
-            detail=f"Potential XSS payload detected in {source}",
-        )
 
     if SQLI_PATTERN.search(value):
-        raise HTTPException(
+        log.warning(f"Security violation: Potential SQL injection payload detected in {source}")
-            status_code=400,
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Potential SQL injection payload detected in {source}")
-            detail=f"Potential SQL injection payload detected in {source}",
-        )
 
     if RCE_PATTERN.search(value):
-        raise HTTPException(
+        log.warning(f"Security violation: Potential RCE payload detected in {source}")
-            status_code=400,
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Potential RCE payload detected in {source}")
-            detail=f"Potential RCE payload detected in {source}",
-        )
 
     if TRAVERSAL_PATTERN.search(value):
-        raise HTTPException(
+        log.warning(f"Security violation: Potential Path Traversal payload detected in {source}")
-            status_code=400,
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Potential Path Traversal payload detected in {source}")
-            detail=f"Potential traversal payload detected in {source}",
-        )
 
     if has_control_chars(value):
-        raise HTTPException(
+        log.warning(f"Security violation: Invalid control characters detected in {source}")
-            status_code=400,
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Invalid control characters detected in {source}")
-            detail=f"Invalid control characters detected in {source}",
-        )
 
 
-def inspect_json(obj, path="body"):
+def inspect_json(obj, path="body", check_whitelist=True):
     if isinstance(obj, dict):
         for key, value in obj.items():
             if key in FORBIDDEN_JSON_KEYS:
-                raise HTTPException(
+                log.warning(f"Security violation: Forbidden JSON key detected: {path}.{key}")
-                    status_code=400,
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Forbidden JSON key detected: {path}.{key}")
-                    detail=f"Forbidden JSON key detected: {path}.{key}",
+            
-                )
+            if check_whitelist and key not in ALLOWED_DATA_PARAMS:
-            inspect_json(value, f"{path}.{key}")
+                log.warning(f"Security violation: Unknown JSON key detected: {path}.{key}")
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Unknown JSON key detected: {path}.{key}")
+            
+            # Recurse. If the key is a dynamic container, we stop whitelist checking for children.
+            should_check_subkeys = check_whitelist and (key not in DYNAMIC_KEYS)
+            inspect_json(value, f"{path}.{key}", check_whitelist=should_check_subkeys)
     elif isinstance(obj, list):
         for i, item in enumerate(obj):
-            inspect_json(item, f"{path}[{i}]")
+            inspect_json(item, f"{path}[{i}]", check_whitelist=check_whitelist)
     elif isinstance(obj, str):
         inspect_value(obj, path)
 
@@ -113,22 +208,52 @@ def inspect_json(obj, path="body"):
 
 class RequestValidationMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
     async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next):
+        # -------------------------
+        # 0. Header validation
+        # -------------------------
+        header_keys = [key.lower() for key, _ in request.headers.items()]
+        
+        # Check for duplicate headers
+        header_counter = Counter(header_keys)
+        duplicate_headers = [key for key, count in header_counter.items() if count > 1]
+        
+        ALLOW_DUPLICATE_HEADERS = {'accept', 'accept-encoding', 'accept-language', 'accept-charset', 'cookie'}
+        real_duplicates = [h for h in duplicate_headers if h not in ALLOW_DUPLICATE_HEADERS]
+        if real_duplicates:
+            log.warning(f"Security violation: Duplicate headers detected: {real_duplicates}")
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Duplicate headers are not allowed: {real_duplicates}")
+            
+        # Whitelist headers
+        unknown_headers = [key for key in header_keys if key not in ALLOWED_HEADERS]
+        if unknown_headers:
+             filtered_unknown = [h for h in unknown_headers if not h.startswith('sec-')]
+             if filtered_unknown:
+                log.warning(f"Security violation: Unknown headers detected: {filtered_unknown}")
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Unknown headers detected: {filtered_unknown}")
+             
+        # Inspect header values
+        for key, value in request.headers.items():
+            if value:
+                inspect_value(value, f"header '{key}'")
+
         # -------------------------
         # 1. Query string limits
         # -------------------------
         if len(request.url.query) > MAX_QUERY_LENGTH:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            log.warning(f"Security violation: Query string too long")
-                status_code=414,
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="Query string too long")
-                detail="Query string too long",
-            )
 
         params = request.query_params.multi_items()
 
         if len(params) > MAX_QUERY_PARAMS:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            log.warning(f"Security violation: Too many query parameters")
-                status_code=400,
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="Too many query parameters")
-                detail="Too many query parameters",
+
-            )
+        # Check for unknown query parameters
+        unknown_params = [key for key, _ in params if key not in ALLOWED_DATA_PARAMS]
+        if unknown_params:
+            log.warning(f"Security violation: Unknown query parameters detected: {unknown_params}")
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Unknown query parameters detected: {unknown_params}")
 
         # -------------------------
         # 2. Duplicate parameters
@@ -140,38 +265,29 @@ class RequestValidationMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
         ]
 
         if duplicates:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            log.warning(f"Security violation: Duplicate query parameters detected: {duplicates}")
-                status_code=400,
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Duplicate query parameters are not allowed: {duplicates}")
-                detail=f"Duplicate query parameters are not allowed: {duplicates}",
-            )
 
         # -------------------------
-        # 3. Query param inspection
+        # 3. Query param inspection & Pagination
         # -------------------------
         pagination_size_keys = {"size", "itemsPerPage", "per_page", "limit", "items_per_page"}
         for key, value in params:
             if value:
                 inspect_value(value, f"query param '{key}'")
             
-            # Pagination constraint: multiples of 5, max 50
             if key in pagination_size_keys and value:
                 try:
                     size_val = int(value)
                     if size_val > 50:
-                        raise HTTPException(
+                        log.warning(f"Security violation: Pagination size too large ({size_val})")
-                            status_code=400,
+                        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Pagination size '{key}' cannot exceed 50")
-                            detail=f"Pagination size '{key}' cannot exceed 50",
-                        )
                     if size_val % 5 != 0:
-                        raise HTTPException(
+                        log.warning(f"Security violation: Pagination size not multiple of 5 ({size_val})")
-                            status_code=400,
+                        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Pagination size '{key}' must be a multiple of 5")
-                            detail=f"Pagination size '{key}' must be a multiple of 5",
-                        )
                 except ValueError:
-                    raise HTTPException(
+                    log.warning(f"Security violation: Pagination size invalid value ({value})")
-                        status_code=400,
+                    raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=f"Pagination size '{key}' must be an integer")
-                        detail=f"Pagination size '{key}' must be an integer",
-                    )
 
         # -------------------------
         # 4. Content-Type sanity
@@ -179,44 +295,44 @@ class RequestValidationMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
         content_type = request.headers.get("content-type", "")
         if content_type and not any(
             content_type.startswith(t)
-            for t in (
+            for t in ("application/json", "multipart/form-data", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
-                "application/json",
-                "multipart/form-data",
-                "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
-            )
         ):
-            raise HTTPException(
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="Unsupported Content-Type")
-                status_code=415,
-                detail="Unsupported Content-Type",
-            )
 
         # -------------------------
-        # 5. JSON body inspection
+        # 5. Single source check (Query vs JSON Body)
         # -------------------------
+        has_query = len(params) > 0
+        has_body = False
+        
         if content_type.startswith("application/json"):
-            body = await request.body()
+            content_length = request.headers.get("content-length")
+            if content_length and int(content_length) > 0:
+                has_body = True
+                
+        if has_query and has_body:
+            log.warning(f"Security violation: Mixed parameters (query + JSON body)")
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="Parameters must be from a single source (query string or JSON body), mixed sources are not allowed")
 
+        # -------------------------
+        # 6. JSON body inspection
+        # -------------------------
+        if content_type.startswith("application/json"):
+            body = await request.body()
             # if len(body) > MAX_JSON_BODY_SIZE:
-            #    raise HTTPException(
+            #      raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="JSON body too large")
-            #        status_code=413,
-            #        detail="JSON body too large",
-            #    )
 
             if body:
                 try:
                     payload = json.loads(body)
                 except json.JSONDecodeError:
-                    raise HTTPException(
+                    raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="Invalid JSON body")
-                        status_code=400,
-                        detail="Invalid JSON body",
-                    )
 
                 inspect_json(payload)
 
             # Re-inject body for downstream handlers
             async def receive():
                 return {"type": "http.request", "body": body}
-
+            request._receive = receive
-            request._receive = receive  # noqa: protected-access
 
         return await call_next(request)